hard

(contrasted with soft) adj 1-gumu a ~ wood mti mgumu a ~ nut to crack (fig) tatizo kubwa; mtu asiyechukulika. 2 (contrasted with easy) -gumu/isio rahisi (kueleweka) ~ words maneno magumu ~subject somo gumu he finds it ~ to understand anaona vigumu kuelewa. 3 -a dhiki, -a shida, -a tabu. ~ going adj kazi ngumu. ~ times n siku za dhiki. learn something the ~ way jifunza kwa tabu. 4 kali, korofi a ~ father baba mkali. be ~ on somebody fanyia mtu ukali; tendea bila huruma. take a ~line -wa na msimamo mkali. 5 (of the body) -kavu, kakamavu, -liokakamaa ~ muscles misuli mikavu. as ~ as nails -enye nguvu; (fig) katili. hardhearted adj -enye moyo mgumu. 6 -enye bidii/juhudi ~ worker mfanyakazi mwenye bidii. 7 (of the weather, sound) kali a ~ winter n kipupwe kikali a ~ drought ukame uliokalifisha. 8 (various uses) ~ and fast (rules etc) mkata, -siobadilishwa. ~ cash n fedha taslimu; kichele ~ of hearing -enye uziwi. ~ back/cover n kitabu chenye jalada gumu (kinyume na jalada laini). ~ board n hadibodi, bango. ~ core n kifusi; msingi/ kiini; sugu ~ core criminal jambazi sugu. ~ court n kiwanja cha sakafu. ~currency n fedha isiyobadilika ovyo thamani/ inayoaminika (kimataifa). ~ drug n dawa ya kulevya (k.m. heroini). hardheaded adj -tendaji, -enye kutenda. ~ labour n kazi ngumu. ~ liquor/drink n kinywaji kikali. ~ luck/line n bahati mbaya, -a kusikitisha. ~ luck story n hadithi ya kusikitisha. ~ shoulder n sehemu ya kando ya barabara ya dharura. hardware n vifaa vya bati vitumiwavyo nyumbani k.m. sufuria, vikaango, misumari military ~ware zana za kijeshi computer ~ware zana na vifaa vya mitambo ya kompyuta. ~ water n maji ya chumvichumvi. ~ wood n mti/ubao mgumu k.m. mninga, mvule, mpingo n.k. hardness n. adv 1 kwa nguvu, kwa bidii work ~ fanya kazi kwa bidii pull ~ vuta kwa nguvu. ~ hitting adj -lioeleza waziwazi. hardworking adj -enye kufanya kazi kwa bidii; chapa kazi. 2 kwa vikali sana it is raining ~ inanyesha sana. 3 kwa matatizo, kwa tabu my ~ earned wealth mali yangu niliyoipata kwa tabu. be ~ hit hasirika sana hasa kwa fedha. be ~ pressed (for something) banwa sana na jambo. be ~ put to it (to do something) -wia vigumu I was ~ put to it to explain how I got the new car iliniwia vigumu kueleza jinsi nilivyopata gari jipya. be ~ up wamba, -tokuwa na fedha. be ~ up for (something) -wa mhitaji wa kitu, kosa kitu. ~ boiled adj gumu, yai lililo- chemshwa. 4 ~baked adj -liookwa mpaka likawa gumu. ~ bitten adj (of a person) -enye kupigana kishupavu; (fig) sugu, -siojali. 5 karibu, mara follow ~ after somebody fuata mtu karibu. ~ by karibukaribu, sio mbali, karibu. run somebody ~ kimbiza/ fukuzia/fuata karibukaribu. hardship n taabu, shida, dhiki. harden vt,vi-wa/fanya/gumu, madhubuti, imara; shupaza; shupaa ~ the heart shupaza moyo. be ~ to -tojali jambo/kitu fulani, fanywa sugu. ~ off (of young plants, esp. seedlings) imarika, tayari kwa kupandikizwa mahali pengine. ~hood n ujasiri, ushupavu. hardy adj 1 -enye nguvu; -nayoweza kustahimili taabu. 2 (of plants) -sioharibika kwa baridi. 3 shupavu, jasiri. hardiness n.