ground
ground
1 n 1 chini; ardhi fall on the ~ anguka chini (in compounds) ~ to air missiles makombora ya kutungulia ndege ~ controlled kuelekezwa/ dhibitiwa kutoka chini. above ~ adj hai. below ~ adj -liokufa na kuzikwa. fall/be dashed to the ~ shindikana, fifia, shindwa, katishwa tamaa. get off the ~ (of an aircraft) ruka; (fig) anza utekelezaji, zinduliwa. 2 nafasi, eneo. cut off the ~ from under somebody's feet wahi/bashiri/gundua mipango ya mtu (na kumuaibisha). cover (much) ~ safiri sana; (fig. of lecture, meeting etc) shughulikia mambo mengi. gain ~ songa mbele, piga hatua; fanikiwa. give/lose ~ rudi nyuma, rudishwa nyuma. hold/stand/keep one's ~ simama imara, shikilia msimamo. shift one's ~ geuza/ badili msimamo. suit somebody down to the ~ faa kikamilifu/sana common ~ mwafaka. forbidden ~ n mwiko. meet somebody on their own ~ kutana na mtu mahali pake, kubaliana na masharti, ridhisha. 3 ardhi, udongo. break fresh/new ~ lima shamba jipya; (fig) anza jambo jipya; chimbua kitu. 4 (of sports) eneo, kiwanja, uwanja; (of fishing ~s) mvuo; (of hunting) eneo. 5 (pl) bustani the State House ~ bustani inayozunguka Ikulu. 6 chini (ya bahari, mto n.k.). touch ~ (of a ship) pwelewa; (fig) fikia mambo muhimu baada ya mazungumzo ya juujuu tu. 7 (pl) punjepunje (agh. za kahawa), mashapo. 8 (usu pl) sababu. on the ~s of kwa sababu ya. ~s for divorce sababu za kutoa/kudai talaka. be/give/have ~s for -wa/-pa/-wa na sababu ya. 9 mji, sehemu wazi (isiyo na mapambo) a dress with blue flowers on a white ~ gauni lenye maua ya buluu na mji mweupe. 10 (compounds) ground-bait n chambo. ~-fish n samaki wa kilindi. ~ -floor n orofa ya chini. be/get in on the ~-floor (colloq) wa waanzilishi. groundnut n (also earthnut/peanut) karanga. ground-plan n ramani ya nyumba ardhini. ground-rent n kodi ya kiwanja. groundsman n mtunzaji kiwanja cha mchezo. groundsheet n turubai la kutandika agh. chini ya hema. groundspeed n (aviat) kasi ya ndege ardhini. ~crew/staff n (aviat.) wahudumu uwanjani. groundswell n mawimbi mazito (yanasabaishwa na dharuba ya mbali). groundwork n (usu fig) maandalizi, matayarisho ya kazi n (usu fig) msingi. vt,vi 1 (of a ship) kwama baharini, panda mwamba; (of aircraft) zuiliwa kuruka. 2 ~ arms (mil) weka silaha chini. 3 ~ something on something tumia kama msingi. 4 ~ somebody in something funda/-pa mtu (mafunzo ya) msingi; (elect.) unganisha waya n.k. wa umeme na ardhi. grounding n mafundisho hasa ya msingi. groundless adj bila sababu/msingi maalum.ground
2 vt pt pp of grind ~ rice unga wa mchele. ~ glass n kioo kisichoona (kwa kusagwa).